Gasolines

Pyrolysis gasoline or Pygas is a naphtha-range product with a high aromatics content. It is a by-product of high temperature naphtha cracking during ethylene and propylene production. PyGas has high potential for use as a gasoline blending mixture and/or as a source of aromatics. Currently, PyGas is generally used as a gasoline blending mixture due to its high octane number. Pyrolysis gasoline can be blended with other hydrocarbons as a gasoline additive, or distilled (in BTX process) to separate it into its components, including benzene.

Petrol is a transparent, petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines. The characteristic of a particular gasoline blend to resist igniting too early (which causes knocking and reduces efficiency in reciprocating engines) is measured by its octane rating. Tetraethyllead and other lead compounds are no longer used in most areas to regulate and increase octane-rating, but many other additives are put into gasoline to improve its chemical stability, control corrosiveness and provide fuel system ‘cleaning,’ and determine performance characteristics under intended use. Sometimes, gasoline also contains ethanol as an alternative fuel, for economic or environmental reasons.

Gasoline A-85

Properties	Unit	Specification	Test Method
Density @20 °C	g/cm³	0.725 Max	ASTM D 1298
Color	Saybolt	Light/ Red, Yellow	–
Total Sulfur	ppm	500 Max	ASTM D 4294
Lead Content	ppb	10 Max	A.A
IBP	°C	35 Min	ASTM D 86
FBP	°C	210 Max	ASTM D 86
Paraffin Naphthenes	%Wt	40 Min	G.C
Aromatics	%Wt	25 Max	G.C
Others	%Wt	15 Max	G.C
RON		85 Min	Infrared

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Gasoline A-92

Properties	Unit	Specification	Test Method
Density@ 20 °C	g/ml	0.755 Max	ASTM D 1298
Color	Saybolt	Light Red/Yellow	–
Total Sulfur	ppm	100 Max	ASTM D 4294
Lead Content	ppb	10 Max	A.A
IBP	°C	35 Min	ASTM D 86
FBP	°C	210 Max	ASTM D 86
Paraffin Naphthenes	%Wt	30 Min	G.C
Aromatics	%Wt	35 Max	G.C
Benzene	%Wt	1 Max	G.C
Others	%Wt	15 Max	G.C
RON		92 Min	Infrared
MON		84 Min	Infrared

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Properties	Unit	Result	Expected	Test Method
Density @15°C	g/cm³	0.7391	710 min – 780 max	ASTM D 1298
RON		95.2	95 min	ASTM D 2699
MON		85.2	85 min	ASTN D 2700
RVP @ 37.8°C	kPa	63.2	49 min – 83 max	ASTM D 323
Distillation, 10% vol. recovered	°C	50.3	74 max	ASTM D 86
Distillation, 50% vol. recovered	°C	82.2	127 max	ASTM D 86
Distillation, 90% vol. recovered	°C	167.1	190 max	ASTM D 86
FBP	°C	202.6	225 max	ASTM D 86
Olefins Content	%Vol	9.5	26 max	ASTM D 1319
Aromatics Content	%Vol	26.7	35 max	ASTM D 5580
Benzene Content	%Vol	0.64	1 max	ASTM D 5580
Oxygenates (MTBE)	%Vol	12.9	15 max	ASTM D 4815
Total Sulfur Content	ppm	11	150 max	ASTM D 5453
Lead content	g/L	<0.0025	Nil	ASTN D 3237
Color		Undyed	Report	Visual

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Dry Pyrolysis Gasoline (DPG)

Properties	Unit	Result	Expected	Test Method
Density @15.6 °C	g/cm³	0.85	0.9 Max	ASTM D 4052
RVP	psi	6.5	Report	ASTM D 323
Total Sulfur	ppm	180	Report	ASTM D 5453
IBP	°C	38	Report	ASTM D 86
FBP	°C	185	Report	ASTM D 86
5% Vol Recovered	°C	51	Report	ASTM D 86
95% Vol Recovered	°C	177	Report	ASTM D 86
Paraffin	%Wt	2.1	Max 3	G.C
Olefins	%Wt	24.5	Max 30	G.C
Naphthenes	%Wt	0.4	Max 0.6	G.C
Aromatics	%Wt	66.4	60 Min	G.C
Others	%Wt	6.6	20 Max	G.C
Benzene Content	%Wt	42.4	40 Min	G.C

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Hydrogenated Pyrolysis Gasoline (HPG)

Properties	Unit	Specification	Test Method
Specific gravity @15°C		0.78 – 0.84	ASTM D 1298
Color	Saybolt	+ 5 Min.	ASTM D 156
RVP	psi	5 – 12	ASTM D 323
IBP	°C	34 Min.	ASTM D 86
FBP	°C	210 Max.	ASTM D 86
Aromatics	%Wt	50 Min.	By GC
Total Sulfur	ppm (wt)	300 Max.	ASTM D 3120
Copper Corrosion		No. 1a	ASTM D 130
Lead Content	ppb	5 Max.	ATOMIC